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Bob Fitzwilson's avatar

The title made my day.

Attila Rebak's avatar

From an Austrian perspective, the AI capex boom looks like a classic case of capital structure distortion.

When central banks push interest rates artificially low, they signal to entrepreneurs that society has become more future-oriented than it actually is. In Austrian capital theory, this encourages more roundabout production. Capital is pushed further away from final consumption into long-duration, capital-intensive stages of production.

The key point is that consumer time preference has not actually changed. People did not suddenly decide to postpone consumption for decades. Only the price of credit changed.

The result is a wave of investment into projects that sit far out in the capital structure. These projects often look spectacular on PowerPoint slides because the cost of capital appears negligible. Gigawatt-scale AI data centres, tens of billions in GPUs, and infrastructure built for demand that may only materialise years from now.

Eventually, reality asserts itself. All those projects start competing for the same scarce real resources: energy, semiconductors, engineers, land, and financing. Prices rise. The illusion of cheap capital fades. Interest rates rise, and many long-duration projects suddenly stop making economic sense.

This is exactly the mechanism described by Austrian business cycle theory. The boom phase reallocates resources toward overly roundabout production processes. The bust phase is simply the market correcting those misallocations.

AI may turn out to be a transformative technology. But that does not mean the current investment cycle is immune to the logic of the business cycle.

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